1. Materials for terahertz science and technology

Terahertz spectroscopy systems use far-infrared radiation to extract molecular spectral information in an otherwise inaccessible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum .Materials research is an essential component of modern terahertz systems ;novel , higher-power terahertz sources rely heavily on new materials such as quantum cascade structures .At the same time , terahertz spectroscopy and imaging provide a powerful tool for the characterization of a broad range of materials , including semiconductors and biomolecules .

2. Science and Technology Associations and Social Governance of Britain in the Middle and Late 19th Century

Civil science and technology associations have been widely springing up everywhere in Britain, especially the new industrial towns in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Associations held various academic activities, organized and funded scientific research, which played an important role in promoting the progress of science and technology and the development of industrial society. Based on case study on British Association for the Advancement of Science and Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society by academic circles at home and abroad, development situation of British science and technology associations in the middle and late 19th century is summarized, and a series of activities of associations participating in industrial and agricultural development and environmental health reform are systematically sorted out, while the promoting role of science and technology associations in the social development of Britain in the 19th century is explored.