1—5 T F F T T
1—5 B B C C D 6—10 C B D B D
1. Phonology is the study of sound systems and patterns.
2. Two words that differ by only one sound in the same position are called minimal pairs.
3. If the segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.
4. The features that are found over a segment or a sequence of the two or more segments are called suprasegmental features. The most widely found suprasegmental features are stress, intonation and tone.
1. Devoice a voiced consonant when it occurs after a voiceless consonant.
2. A voiceless consonant becomes voiced when it occurs between two vowels.
3. Voiceless stops are aspirated when they occur initially in a stressed syllable.
4. Vowels become nasalized when they occur before nasals.
“Hotdog” is a compound word and the stress is on the “hot”. A hotdog is a long cooked sausage. “Hot dog” is a noun phrase and the stress is on “dog”. A hot dog refers to a dog that is hot.
Phonetics is the study of speech sounds. Phonology is the study of sound systems and patterns. Phonetics and phonology are both concerned with the study of speech sounds, but they two differ in perspectives. Phonetics, particularly articulatory phonetics, focuses on how speech sounds are produced, what phonetic features they have, and how to transcribe them. In phonetics, sound segments are assumed to be invariable; variations are overlooked. Phonology focuses on the following three fundamental questions: What sounds make up the list of sounds that can distinguish meaning in a particular language? What sounds make up the list of ways in what context? What sounds can appear together in a sequence in a particular language?