本章节重点学习了音位学。通过本单元的学习，应该明确音位学的定义、音节结构和音位序列，理解音位和音位变体的区别，重点掌握音位辨识、音位规则和超音段特征完成课后相关练习。

Chapter 3: The Study of Sound Systems And Patterns

What is phonology?

Definition

Three fundamental questions.

Phonemes and allophones

Definition

Difference

Discovering phonemes

Contrastive distribution– phonemes

• Definition

• A minimal pair &Minimal sets

Complementary distribution – allophones

Free variation

Distinctive and non-distinctive features

Definition

Phonological rules

Devoice a voiced consonant after a voiceless consonant.

[+voiced +consonant] →[-voiced]/[-voiced +consonant]_

Voiceless stops are aspirated when they occur initially in a stressed syllable.

Nasalize vowels before nasals.

An alveolar stop becomes a flap when preceded by a stressed vowel and followed by an unstressed vowel.

Syllable structure

Nucleus onset coda.

Rhyme

Sequence of phonemes

Suprasegmental features

Stress

Intonation

Tone

学习了这些内容后，相信大家对语言和音位学有了更深入的了解，这将有利于大家今后的英语口语与发音的学习。

如果想要了解更多关于如何学习章节的内容，请在学习资源继续了解本章拓展内容。