I.Fill the blanks with necessary words beginning with the letter given:

1. The total number of words stored in the brain is called the l    (the Greek word for dictionary), which can be understood as a mental dictionary.

2. As the smallest free units of language, words unite sounds with meaning. In writing, words must have formal representation, called o    .

3. M    is defined as the study of the internal structure and the formation of words.

4. The smallest meaningful unit of language is called a m    .

5. Words like went, which is not related in form to indicate grammatical contrast with the root, are called s    .

6. Some morphemes like water, desire, work, able, and there constitute words by themselves, they are f    when they are components of words.

7. Some morphemes like de-, dis-, -ish, -ing, are never used independently in speech and writing, they are always attached to free morphemes to form new words, these morphemes are called b    .

8. Complementary with –er and –est are more and most, which are put before adjectives and adverbs composed of two or more syllables, -er and more, –est and most , are a   

9. The process of putting affixes to existing forms to create new words is called d    .

10. C    is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables, Bus (from omnibus), vet (from veterinarian) are good examples.

Ⅱ. Multiple choice:

1.______is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class.

A. Convocation B. conversion C. convention D. conveyance

2. Clipping is a process that ______a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables.

A. Lengthens B. widens C. shortens D. strengthens

3.______is a process that creates new words by putting together non-morphemic parts of existing words. A well-known example is smog (smoke and fog).

A. Binding B. blending C. blessing D. blooming

4.______is a process that creates new words by dropping a real or supposed suffix. Edit was originally backformed from editor, and peddle from peddler.

A. Information B. backformula C. backformation D. backformative

5. Acronyms and abbreviations are formed by putting together the____letters of some or all words in a phrase or title.

A. Inimical B. initiative C. suffixing D. initial

6.______are words that originate from proper names of individuals or places. Sandwich is a common noun originating from the fourth Earl of Sandwich, who put his food between two slices of bread so that he could eat while gambling..

A. Originators B. Eponyms C. Abbreviations D. Compoundings

7. Coinage is a process of _____ words not based on existing morphemes.

A. inventing B. copying C. deleting D. adding

8. In compounds, the ______ morpheme determines the part of speech of the word.

A. leftmost B. rightmost C. central D. initial

9. The meaning of compounds is not always the sum of ______ of the components. A green bottle is not a type of bottle, it is a kind of fly.

A. form B. content C. meaning D. construction

10. The majority of English _______ change the part of speech when added to free morpheme or word.

A. prefixes B. infixes C. suffixes D. morphemes

Ⅲ. Answer the following questions:

1. Use some examples to illustrate one of the forms of word formation—— compounding.

2. Illustrate “conversion” with some examples.