Exercise 1:

Write one phrase structure rule that can represent all the given single rules.

(1) NP → N

(2) NP → Det N

(3) NP → Adj N

(4) NP →Det Adj N

(5) NP → N PP

(6) NP → N S

(7) NP → Det Adj N PP

(8) NP → Det Adj N S

(9) Adj N S

(10) Det N S

(11) Adj N PP

(12) Det N PP

Exercise 2:

Draw tree diagrams for the following ambiguous sentences.

They final decided on the boat.

教师解析：

Exercise 1:

Exercise 2:

(1) It was on the boat that they made the decision.

  The decision they made was about the boat.