本章节重点学习了语义学的概念、指称与意义、词义的分类与词义关系等。通过本单元的学习，重点掌握词义的分类与词义关系，并完成课后相关练习。

Chapter 6 Semantics

 The study of meaning

Definition: the study of meaning

 Reference and sense

 Reference is the relation by which a word picks out or identifies an entity in the world.

 Sense is the relation by which words stand in human mind.

 Classification of lexical meanings

 Referential meaning

 Associative meaning

• Connotative meaning

• Social meaning (stylistic meaning)

• Affective meaning

• Reflected meaning

• Collocative meaning

 Lexical sense relations

 Synonymy 

• Dialectal synonyms – lift/elevator, flat/apartment

• Synonyms of different styles – gentleman/guy

• Synonyms of different registers – salt/sodium chloride

• Synonyms differing in affective meaning – attract/seduce

• Synonyms differing in collocation – beautiful/handsome, able/capable 

 Antonym 

• Gradable antonyms

• Complementary antonyms

• Reversal (relational) antonyms

 Homonymy 

• Homographs

• Homophones

• Full homonyms

 Polysemy 

 Hyponymy: a relation of inclusion. 

 Meronymy: the relationship of meaning between part and whole.

学习了这些内容后，相信大家对语义学有了更深入的了解，这将有利于大家今后的英语词汇的学习。

如果想要了解更多关于如何学习章节的内容，请在学习资源继续了解本章拓展内容。