I. Multiple choice：

1．______ refers to the process by which people use language to classify the world around and inside them.

A .Approach B. Categorization C. Hierachically D).Cognition

2．______ refers to a statement in which you unnecessarily say the same thing twice using different words, for example, “He sat alone by himself”.

A. Tautology B.Rhetorical device C.Truth condition D. Prototype

3．There are two positions on the function of _____ one is the classical view, the other is a cognitive .

A.rhetorics B. senses C. metaphors D.conceptualization

4．All metaphors are composed of two domains. The domain to be conceptualized is called ______ domain, while the conceptualizing domain is termed the source domain.

A. purpose B. anomalous C. object D. target

5．______ is used to refer to a specific-general semantic relationship between lexical items. Dog and cat are subordinates of livestock.

A. Meronymy B.Hyponymy C. Polysemy D. Antonymy

6．______ refers to the linguistic phenomenon in which one linguistic phenomenon in which one linguistic expression allows ware than one understandings or interpretations.

A. Generalization B. Polysemy C. Ambiguity D.Collocation

7．Associative meaning refers to the meaning associated with the conceptual meaning, which can be further divided into following types: ______ meaning, social meaning affective meaning reflected meaning and collocative meaning.

A. connotative B.connective C.selective D.productive

8．______ theory holds that a linguistic sign derives its meaning from that which refers to something in the reality.

A. Semantic B.Referential C.Representational D.Reflected

9．Some schemas such as the container schema are ______; others are dynamic,

A. Stable B. conceptual C. static D. imaginative

10．The transference of the source domain to the target domain is referred to by some cognitive linguists as ______.

A. abstracting B. reflecting C. penetrating D. mapping

II. Indicate the statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets：

(  ) 1. Prototype refers to the process by which people use language to classify the world around and inside them.

(  ) 2. The theory of prototypes proposed by Eleanor Rosch, solves the logical problem by a notion of degree of membership.

(  ) 3. Componential analysis can be applied to the analysis of all lexicons.

(  ) 4. Reference relates the sign to what it denotes in the word. Concept relates the sign to the mind.

(  ) 5. A polyseme is a word which has several related senses.

(  ) 6. Hyponymy is a relation of inclusion. Tiger, lion and dog are hyponyms of the world animal.

(  ) 7. Reflected meaning is the associated meaning a word acquires in line with the meaning of words which tend to co-occur with it.

III. The following are three meanings of head. Explain these meanings and analyze the relations.

(1) The top part of the body of human and some other higher animals.

(2) Person (as in dinner at 20 dollars a head)

(3) Leader