I．Data analysis:

1. Underline any deicitic expression in the following sentences and name the type:

1) I met an old friend of mine on the street last Sunday.

2) The dog is fighting with a cat.

3) The watch was made in Shanghai in 1968.

4) An iron is made of iron.

5) These are books borrowed from my professor.

6) What will happen in the following chapter of the novel?

2. What is the difference between the two thens in the following sentence and dialogue?

1) You called at 9:00 last night? I was out then.

2) --- The party starts at 6:00 Friday evening.

  --- Okay, I’ll be there then.

3. Please change the direct speech into the indirect speech:

John said, “I am planning to be here this evening.”

What elements have to be shifted from the direct speech into the indirect speech, why?

II. Illustration with examples:

1. Give examples to show the exclusive and inclusive uses of we.

2. Please distinguish let us from let’s with examples.

3. Make sentences with it to show the anaphoric and cataphoric uses of reference.

4. Give an example to show the three dimensions of a speech act.

5. Give examples to show the distinction between direct speech acts and indirect speech acts.

III. Answer the following questions:

1. Is the sentence “I am there.” right? How to correct it? why?