1—5 A C B B D 6—10 A A D C C 11—16 A C D C B B
1. Linguistic competence accounts for a speaker’s knowledge of his language. Communicative competence accounts for both the tacit knowledge of language and the ability to use it. According to Hymes, there are four parameters that unable a speaker’s communicative competence, namely the ability to judge:
(1) Whether (and to what degree) something is formally possible;
(2) Whether (and to what degree) something is feasible;
(3) Whether (and to what degree) something is appropriate;
(4) Whether (and to what degree) something is in fact done.
2. The hypothesis has been interpreted in two ways. One is known as determisism. In this view our language determines our thinking. This strong version has been rejected as it runs counter to the fact that peoples of different cultural backgrounds can understand each other. the other interpretation, known as relativism, holds that culture affects the way we think through language, especially in our classification of the experienced world.
3. The term pidgin is the label for the code used by people who speak different languages. A pidgin is not the native language of any group. It is confined to very limited communicative purposes, such as trade. Pidgins are mixed languages that are simplified syntactically and lexically. A creole is a mixed language which has become the mother tongue of a speech community. Creoles are not confined to certain functions of language nor reduced in syntax and lexis.
4. The term dialect denotes a wider notion than the term accent. A dialect is a variety of a language that is distinctive from varieties in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation. The term accent is used for less drastic differences which are restricted to variation in pronunciation.