Exercise

What method is characterized by A and B respectively?

A. The target language is primarily interpreted as a system of rules to be rules to be observed in texts and sentences and to be related to first language rules and meanings. Language learning is implicitly viewed as an intellectual activity involving rule learning, the memorization of rules and facts related to first language meaning by means of massive translation practice. The first language is maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of the second language.

B. [the method] reflects the descriptive, structural, and contrastive linguistics of the fifties and sixties. Its psychology is avowedly behavioristic. Mainly following Skinner, but also influenced by neobehaviorists such as Osgood, its psychology is an interpretation of language learning in terms of stimulus and response, operant conditioning, and reinforcement with an emphasis on successful error-free learning in small well-prepared steps and stages.

教师解析

A grammar-translation method

B audiolingual method