8. give sb. a basic understanding of 向 …… 传授 …… 方面的基本知识

The foreigners are trying to give the students a basic understanding of western dining customs.

9. Why has Sesame Street been so much more successful than other children's shows?:

为什么芝麻街比其它的儿童节目获得了更大的成功？
"more ... than ... "是常用来表达比较级的短语。much用在这一结构之前，起强调作用，表示"…… 得多"。如：
This coat is much longer than that one.
这件衣服比那件衣服长得多。
The new unit is much more difficult than Unit One.
这个新单元比第一单元难得多。

10. such as 诸如

The manager spoke highly of such virtues as honesty, hard work and loyalty.
经理非常赞许诚实、勤劳、忠诚等美德。
Some cartoon characters, such as Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are quite popular with children.
有些卡通人物如米老鼠和史努比在孩子们中很流行。

11. Another important reason is that ...: 另一个重要的原因是……

类似的表达原因的句型如：
One of the reasons is that...
The best reason may be that....
The most important reason was that...
The first (second) reason is that...
She failed the exam because she had a high fever that day. Another
important reason is that the exam seemed to be far more difficult than before.

12. partly: (adv.) to some extent 部分地

Many problems are partly caused by failure to communicate.
许多问题部分是由于无法交流引起的。
This tool is made partly of wood and partly of plastic.
这个工具的材料一部分是木头，一部分是塑