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Grammar:
Passive Voice & Adjective
语法知识：被动语态 形容词
1．被动语态由"be的相应形式 + 动词的过去分词"构成。时态由be的变化表示。
1) 常见被动语态的各种时态形式
| |
一般时态 |
进行时态 |
完成时态 |
| 现在 |
|
|
|
| 过去 |
|
|
|
| 将来 |
|
-- |
| shall |
|
| |
+ have been given |
| will |
|
|
| 过去将来 |
|
-- |
| should |
|
| |
+ have been given |
| would |
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* 被动语态没有将来进行时和各种完成进行时。
* 被动语态的将来时还有其它两种表现形式。如：
My classmate Zhou is going
to be sent to work in Tibet for three months.
The meeting is to be held next Monday.
2）带情态动词的被动语态由"情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词"构成。如：
This problem cannot be solved
immediately.
This TV program might have been watched by every child.
3）被动语态的用法
* 没有必要说出动作的发出者。如：
The dictionary is designed
for beginners learning English.
* 强调动作的承受者。如：
This room is shared by
three of us.
2. 形容词的比较等级及其形式。
形容词的比较等级（degrees of comparison）一般有两个：比较级（comparative
degree）和最高级（superlative degree）。平常所见的形容词通常称为原级（positive degree）。形容词的比较级形式："形容词+后缀-er"或"more+形容词"；最高级形式："形容词+后缀-est"或"most+形容词"。形容词比较等级的变化如下：
1）规则变化
| 构成法 |
原级 |
比较级 |
最高级 |
| 单音节词尾加-er和-est |
great |
greater |
reatest |
| 单音节词以-e结尾，只加-r和-st |
brave |
braver |
bravest |
| 闭音节单音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先写此辅音字母，再加-er和-est
|
big
hot |
bigger
hotter |
biggest
hottest |
| 少数以-y，-er，-ow，-able结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er；以-y结尾的词如-y前是辅音字母，变-y为-i，再加-er和-est
|
happy
clevern
arrowable |
happier
cleverern
arrowerabler |
happiest
cleverestn
arrowestablest |
| 其它双音节和多音节词前加more和most |
difficult |
more difficult |
most difficult |
2）不规则变化，如：
good/well - better - best;
many/much - more - most; bad - worse -worst
3）形容词前加-less和-least表示"较不"和"最不"，如：
interesting - less interesting
- least interesting
(to be continued - see Unit Four)
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