Grammar: Direct & Indirect Speech (1)
语法：直接引语和间接引语（1）

间接引语用来转述别人说过的话。

1. 从句中的人称、时态、地点、时间等状语均在直接引语的基础上有相应的变化。

1）时态变化

He said, "I do."	He said he did.
He said, "I did / I have done / I had done."	He said he had done.
He said, "I am doing."	He said he was doing.
He said, "I was doing / I have been doing / I had been doing."	He said he had been doing.
He said, "I shall/will do;I should/would do."	He said he would do.
He said, "I shall/will be doing; I should/would be doing."	He said he would be doing.
He said, "I shall/will have been doing; I should/would have been doing."	He said he would have been doing.

* 引语为普遍真理或不影响句子意义时，引语中的时态可改可不改。

She said, "The earth goes around the sun."
-- She said (that) the earth goes / went around the sun.

The boy said, "When I saw her she was doing her homework."
-- The boy said when he saw her she was doing her homework.

* 有时引语动词也可转换成其他动词加短语的形式，但原义保持不变。

He said, "I will bring you a dictionary when I come back."
-- He promised to bring me a dictionary when he came back.

"Sorry I broke your glasses," he said.
-- He apologized for having broken my glasses.

2) 人称的变化

I / we	he & she / they
me / us	him & her / them
my / our	his & her / their
mine / ours	his & hers / theirs
you	I / we
your	my / our
yours	mine / ours

3）限定词的变化

this	that
these	those
the	this / these

4）时间状语的变化

ago	before
now	then
today	that day
tomorrow	the day after / the following day
yesterday	the day before / the previous day
the day after tomorrow	in two days' time
the day before yesterday	two days before
next week	the next week / the following week
last week	the previous week / a week earlier

5）地点状语的变化

here

there

2．条件句的间接引语

1）真实条件句：引语中的时态变化与陈述句相同。如：
Tom said, "If I am free I shall go swimming next Tuesday."
-- Tom said that if he was free he would go swimming the next week.

2) 非真实条件句：引语中的时态不变。如：
She said, "If had helped him, things would have been different."
-- She said that if she had helped him things would have been different.
My sister says, "If I had more time, I could catch the train."
-- My sister says that if she had more time she could catch the train.

(to be continued - see Unit Four)