1．基本句型：英语中千变万化的句子归根到底离不开下列五个基本句型。

1）主-谓
　The stream is running.
　Winter comes.

2）主-谓-主补
　Mr. Jones is our monitor (班长).
　The princess is so beautiful.

3）主-谓-宾
　Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。
　I know that everyone must obey the traffic rules.

4）主-谓-间宾-直宾
　Mother promised to buy me a chocolate bar (一条巧克力).
　He asked me who that old man was.

5）主-谓-宾-宾补
　Everyone considers him intelligent (聪敏).
　I found him in the library.

2. Contraction -- reducing clauses to phrases or words by using gerundial phrases, infinitives, participial phrases, prepositional phrases or adjective phrases（用动名词、不定式、分词短语、介词短语或形容词短语等把从句缩略成短语或词）.

1) She spoke in a low voice for fear that she (should) waken the baby.
　-- She spoke in a low voice for fear of wakening the baby.

2) Although he is very wealthy, he is not happy.
　-- In spite of his wealth, he is not happy.

3) We must find someone who can finish this task within five days.
　-- We must find someone to finish this task within five days.

4) I don't doubt that you are able to do this job.
　-- I don't doubt your ability to do this job.

5) When it is seen from 1 mile away, this village seems very small.
　-- When seen from 1 mile away, this village seems very small.

6) I hate to see compositions that are written in pencil.
　-- I hate to see compositions written in pencil.

7) Among those who joined in the discussion, John was probably the most active.
　-- Among those joining in the discussion, John was probably the most active.

8) I am visiting a factory which manufactures 2000 television sets every year.
　-- I am visiting a factory manufacturing 2000 television sets every year.

9) While he was at Lanzhou University, he was the chairman of the Student Union.
　-- While at Lanzhou University, he was the chairman of the Student Union.

10) You may read something that is more difficult.
　-- You may read something more difficult.