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Grammar: Mood & Subjunctive
Mood (2)
语法：语气和虚拟语气(2)
2．2 虚拟语气常用于表示条件的从句和表示结果的主句。现在把其对应的动词形式列表如下：
1) 与现在事实相反
| If I (we, you, he, she, they) + 动词be
的过去时（一律用 were） |
I (we) should
+ 动词原形
You (He, She, They) would
|
If I were you, I should go and see the doctor
at once.
If he had more time, he would learn another foreign language.
He would tell me if he knew, but he does not know anything about it.
2) 与过去事实相反
| If I (we, you, he, she, they) + had
+ 过去分词 |
I (We, You, He, She, They) should (would, must, might, could) +
have + 过去分词
|
I should have died of hunger if the old
man had not given me a piece of bread.
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
If she had not been so strict with herself, she couldn't have made so
much progress.
如果她对自己不那么严，她不可能取得如此大的进步。
They might have arrived in London if they had started off earlier.
3) 与将来事实可能相反
| If I (we, you, he, she, they) + had
+ 过去分词 |
I (we) should
+ have + 过去分词
You (He, She, They) would
|
If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go
to see my friends.
What would happen if I missed the train?
-- Fortunately, you are on the train.
If you dropped the watch, it would break.
2．3 省略 if 的条件从句：如果从句中有were, had should，if可省略，直接把were, had should放在主语的前面.
Were I in your position, I would not leave.
Had the workers not helped us, our experiment would have failed.
Should he come, tell him to phone me.
2．4 有时条件从句的动作和结果主句的动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If he had followed the doctor's advice, he could
be quite all right now.
If he hadn't helped me, I couldn't have finished the writing so early
and very likely I would be still working on it now.
If I had a bike I would have lent you it yesterday.
If I were you, I would have accepted the money.
(to be continued)
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