11. achieve vt. 取得；获得；实现

He had achieved no fame, no success.
他即没获得名声，又没获得成功。
Only practice can achieve mastery.
熟能生巧。
He hoped to achieve his goal by peaceful means.
他希望通过和平手段获得目标。
Democracy is hard to achieve.
民主很难实现。

12. fit

(1) vt. 适合；符合；与……相称
His experience fits him for the job.
The key doesn't fit the lock.
The dress fitted her perfectly.
这件衣服和她很配。
What you saw does fit the facts we know.

(2) vi. 适合
Your clothes fit well.
The lid fit badly.

13. otherwise adv.

(1) 否则；不然
You'd better go now, otherwise you'll miss your train.
Do it now. Otherwise, it will be too late.

(2) 别样的；以另外方式的
She is quite well in health though she looks very much otherwise.
她很健康，尽管看上去不是这样。
He is guilty until proven otherwise.

(3) 除此之外
The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory.
He's too fat; otherwise he's nice looking.

14. rather than 而不是；与其……(不如)

The color seems green rather than blue.
He is a writer rather than a teacher.
Rather than cause trouble, he left.
The job will take months rather than weeks.
The parents should be blamed rather than the children.
受责备的应是家长而不是孩子。

15. permit vt.&vi. 允许；许可

We cannot permit such cruelty.
We do not permit smoking in the office.
Would you permit me to explain?