P7
1. tedious: slow, long, tiring, time-consuming, fatiguing, exhausting, laborious, dreary, dismal, / quick, fast, short
2. charismatic: having the special charm and personal magical qualities which cause a person to win and keep the interest and love of ordinary people; extremely attractive, appealing, charming.
3. revolutionary (Br. E.) (revolutionist: Am. E.): technique in …; methods of study
4. They have been able to keep on cheerfully plotting their holocausts right into their senescence: Holocausts are large-scale destructions of life: for example, the suffering of the Jews at the hands of the Nazis during the Second World War. These revolutionists cheerfully make secret plans for mass destruction of life till their old age. They enjoy doing so because this satisfies their romantic desires; they have been able to keep on doing so because they stop at the level of planning and never have their plotted revolution actually carried out, thus bringing little harm to the society or themselves.
5. come off: take place as planned
6. holocaust: mass murder, genocide, killing, annihilation, butchery, massacre, vast slaughter, ravage, havoc, carnage
7. senescence: the state of growing old, having the signs of being old
8. Others died young…on the barricades: Others died young on the street, fighting. For example, in the late 1960s, the Black Panthers, a group of militant young blacks advocating “Black Power”, took up arms and had street fights against the police in their ghettoes. Many were killed in the fighting; others were put into prison.
9. barricade: blockade. On the barricade
10. disillusionment: disappointment, great regret
11. hard-faced: cruel, savage, ruthless, coldness, indifference
12. stuffy: suffocation, stagnant, stifling, oppressive
13. just as hard-faced and stuffy: just as stern and dull, without imagination. The two words combine to suggest that the new establishment is just as unbearable to live with as the old one.
P9
1. the French Revolution:

French Revolution Chronology
 · 1789
    o May 5: The Estates General opens at Versailles
    o June 17: The Third Estate declares itself the National Assembly
    o June 20: The Tennis Court Oath o July 14: Fall of the Bastille
    o Late July: The Great Fear spreads in the countryside
    o August 4: The nobles surrender their feudal rights in a meeting of the National Constituent Assembly
    o August 27: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
    o October 5-6: Parisian women march to Versailles and force Louis XVI and his family to return to Paris
  · 1790
    o July 12: Civil Constitution of the Clergy adopted
    o July 14: The king accepts a new constitution
  · 1791
    o June 20-24: Louis XVI and his family attempt to flee France and are stopped at Varennes
    o August 27: The Declaration of Pillnitz
    o October 1: The Legislative Assembly meets
  · 1792
    o April 20: France declares war on Austria
    o August 10: The Tuileries palace is stormed, and Louis XVI takes refuge with the Legislative Assembly
    o September 2-7: The September Massacres
    o September 20: France wins the battle of Valmy
    o September 21: The monarchy is abolished  
  · 1793
    o January 21: Louis XVI is executed
    o February 1: France declares war on Great Britain
    o March: Counterrevolution breaks out in the Vendee
    o April: The Committee of Public Safety is formed
    o June 22: The Constitution of 1793 is adopted. It is not put into effect.
    o August 23: Levee en masse proclaimed
    o September 17: Maximum prices set on food and other commodities
    o October 16: Queen Marie Antoinette is executed
    o November 10: The Cult of Reason is proclaimed. The revolutionary calendar is adopted  
  · 1794
    o March 24: Execution of the Hebertist leaders of the sans-culottes
    o April 6: Execution of Danton
    o May 7: Cult of the Supreme Being proclaimed
    o June 8: Robespierre leads the celebration of the Festival of the Supreme Being.
    o June 10: The Law Of 22 Prairial is adopted
    o July 27: The Ninth of Thermidor and the fall of Robespierre
    o July 28: Robespierre is executed · 1795
    o August 22: The Constitution of the Year Ill is adopted, establishing the Directory
2. be bound to do: be destined to do
3. in either case: whether the revolution is a success or failure
4. at best: in as good a state as possible
5. dawn on: bring about; begin in; give rise to
6. cleanse: to make clean and pure; to remove; rid, free, expunge, erase, absolve
7. workaday: ordinary and dull
8. sewage disposal: management of waste materials and water
9. in need of groceries and sewage disposal: Here “groceries and sewage disposal” are used to represent things people need for a minimum decent life. The implied meaning is that the new establishment brings about nothing extraordinary and romantic, just the same old dull pattern of life.
10. bureaucracies: administrative system, government machine
11. experts in marketing, sanitary engineering, and the management of bureaucracies: “Experts in marketing” stands for experts in business. “Experts in sanitary engineering”---experts in sewage disposal or waste control. “Bureaucracies” here means government organizations at all levels. They are thus called because they are characterized by specialization of function and a rigid hierarchy within. The implied meaning here is that the revolutionary state is the same as the old one in that it is still run by experts doing technical and professional work in all businesses and public services.