[测试题]

Part One Text-related Part

I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences. One word or expression for each blank only.
l Again a dull 1 ---it couldn’t yet be described as a fear---extended its 2 over Chavel’s chest. It was like a 3 : he found himself 4 as the sixth man drew a 5 slip, and a sense of grievance 6 at his mind when the tenth man had drawn---it was the one they called Janvier---and the 7 were once again the same as when the 8 started. Some men drew the first slip which touched their fingers; others seemed to 9 that fate was trying to 10 them a particular slip and when they had drawn one a little way from the shoe would let it drop again and choose another. Time passed with 11 slowness, and the man called Voisin sat against the wall with the 12 cigarette in his mouth paying them no attention at all.

l In the case of news, this 13 , in my view, results in inefficient communication. I question how much of television’s nightly news effort is really 14 and understandable. Much of it is what has been 15 described as “machine-gunning with 16 .” I think the technique fights 17 . I think it tends to make things ultimately boring and 18 (unless they are accompanied by horrifying pictures) because almost anything is boring and dismissable if you know almost nothing about it.
l I believe that TV’s 19 the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but 20 as well. Consider the casual 21 that television tends to cultivate: that 22 must be avoided, that visual stimulation is a 23 for thought, that verbal precision is an 24 . It may be old-fashioned, but I was taught that thought is words, arranged in grammatically precise ways.

A. practice B. force on C. disquiet D. aptly
E. complexity F. draw G. nagged H. substitute
I. unlighted J. scraps K. appeal to L. assumptions
M. construction N. blank O. yawning P. anachronism
Q. absorbable R. empire S. chances T. dismissable
U. incredible V. suspect W. coherence X. decivilizing

II. There are 15 sentences with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences. One word or expression for each blank only.
25. He held out the slip of paper and they all watched him with ______ curiosity.
26. He went over to his roll of bedding and ______ a writing paper.
27. He thrust his hand into the shoe and made careful ______ as though he had one particular scrap of paper in mind.
28. They ______ the pieces on the floor and then dropped them into the shoe.
29. You can’t get an ______ chance with a coin.
30. This was just a line in his ______ he couldn’t sacrifice.
31. He was as ______ as a schoolboy making his first entry on a stage at a prize-giving, and he spoke abruptly so as to give the impression of a strength he did not possess.
32. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant ______ through variety, novelty, action and movement.
33. It is simply the easiest way out. But it has come to be regarded as a given, as _____ in the medium itself.
34. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never _______ on anything.
35. When before in human history has so much humanity collectively ______ so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion?
36. If I am wrong, we will have done no harm to look at the issue ________ and critically, to consider how we should be resisting it.
37. The trouble with television is that it discourages ______.
38. Yet its dominating communications instrument, its principal form of national ________, is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions.
39. Television’s variety becomes a narcotic, not a stimulus. Its serial, ________ exposures force us to follow its lead.

A. excavations B. skeptically C. even D. decivilize
E. kaleidoscopic F. pervade G. allot H. charade
I. concentration J. drew out K. divert L. inherent
M. embarrassed N. shuffled O. legible P. cowardice
Q. concentrate R. surrendered S. enmity T. imperative
U. compassionate V. stimulation W. linkage X. unfasten

III. Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentences and mark the corresponding letter.
40. She was so dear to him that he still kept her picture in a (A. preeminent, B. prominent) position on his desk.
41. Mary aired her (A. grievances, B. grief) at not being treated fairly by the salesperson.
42. Some boys try to (A. evade, B. escape) military service.
43. Will the financial (A. reverse, B. adverse) prevent you from taking a holiday this summer?
44. The employees are openly (A. contemptuous, B. contemptible) of their corrupt manager.
45. Does the idea of working abroad (A. attract, B. appeal) to you?
46. I’ve (A. allotted, B. divided) a pound a week for petrol, and three pounds for lunches.
47. Not (A. daunted, B. discouraged) by his first failure, he tried again.
48. The snow is (A. equal, B. even) with the window.
49. He was so disappointed when the manager said that his plan was completely (A. dismissable, disposable).
50. You are not (A. precise, B. accurate) when you call a computer an “electronic brain”.
51. They are (A. typical, B. common) English scholars.
52. The book is (A. increased, B. enhanced) with illustrative photographs.
53. Children should be taught not to (A. gaze, B. stare) at handicapped people.
54. It’s clear that her painting has been (A. influenced, B. affected) by Picasso.

IV. Translate the following into English
55 认为速成思想和速食食品一样是影响高速活动着的、急躁的公众的方式，这已成了时髦的看法。
56. 轮到查维尔抽签时，只剩下3个纸条了，这对于查维尔来说好像是天大的不公平，给他剩下的选择太少了。
57. 读写能力可能算不上是一项不可剥夺的人权，但是我们极有学问的国家创始人并不觉得它是不合理的，甚至是达不到的。
58. 实际上，在第一个人抽中死签后，任何喜悦的表现都是不应该的，任何人都不能用得救的喜悦来嘲弄那个要死的人。
59. 从统计数字上看，我们不仅没在全国范围内达到人人能读写，而且离达到这个目标是越来越远。尽管我不会天真到认为电视是造成这一局面的直接原因，但我相信它起了一定作用，是一个影响因素。

V. Translate the following into Chinese.
60. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle.
61. The chances had suddenly grown in his favor from ten to one to—fourteen to one: the greengrocer had drawn a slip and indicated carelessly and without pleasure that he was safe.
62. In short, a lot of television usurps one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it.
63. He drew one out of the shoe and then feeling certain that this one had been willed on him by his companions and contained the penciled cross he threw it back and snatched another.
64. There is a crisis of literacy in this country. One study estimates that some 30 million adult Americans are “functionally illiterate” and cannot read or write well enough to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle.

VI. Answer the questions in English.
65. What did they finally agree to do in order to choose three men to be killed next morning?
66. What does the author think what is wrong with TV news?
67. What’s the trouble with television?
68. How did the lawyer act when he got the death draw?
69. Why does the author say television’s variety become a narcotic, not a stimulus?

Part Two Proficiency Part

Read the following passage and answer the questions.
Burnout
(1) Schoolteachers and full-time housewives with children at
home are among the highest-risk groups likely to suffer from
burnout, says Michael Lauderdale, director of the University
of Texas’ School of Social Work’s research center, who began studying burnout 10 years ago. He first noticed symptoms of the condition among human service agency
workers, but says the condition affects everyone to a degree.
Burnout, he believes, comes when “we have expectations of
our jobs, careers, marriages, or lives, and the reality we are
experiencing is less than our expectations.
(2) “We are in a time of high ambiguity about what life
means in terms of social roles and in terms of what we’re to
do with our lives. I don’t think that people have greater
expectations now than in the past – I think it’s just harder to keep your experiences in place because the times keep changing on you. An example of the rapidly changing times would be a young college student who is advised to get a degree in business. “If you’re a sophomore now, by the time you get a degree, people with business degrees could be a glut on the market. The idea that the private sector could solve most of the world’s problems could vanish by then.”
(3) Lauderdale divides the symptoms of burnout into three stages. First is confusion. The worker man voice general complaints, such as “I don’t feel very good” or “I just don’t have any pep.” Sometimes, chronic backaches, headaches, or colds appear. A worker may seem to lose his sense of humor. He may seem inattentive in a discussion because of the list of things to do running through his mind.
(4) Moderate burnout is characterized by more illness and absenteeism, and a “cocoon phenomenon” begins. In that state, workers “seem to have gray faces at 3 p.m. in the office, but after five, it’s like a butterfly coming out of a cocoon. Their voices lilt and they are spontaneous when they walk out of the office.” The “cocoon phenomenon” is a result of people compartmentalizing their lives, Lauderdale feels. Accompanying that is “ lots of clock-watching and counting the days until Friday.”
(5) In the third stage of burnout, which he terms despair, “the person pulls into a shell and minimizes work and social contacts as much as possible. There is depression and crying, an increase in drinking, risk-taking and drugs, I related a lot of my work with abusing parents as being the third stage of burnout. They are highly burned out as parents.”
(6) Although the bulk of literature about burnout is work-related, the syndrome can occur in any of the multiple roles most people perform—spouse, friend, parent, employee, supervisor. Also, burnout in a job may not begin at work, but may be a spillover from the worker’s dissatisfaction with other roles, such as being the parent of a teenager.
(7) People can learn to improve their skills at recognizing burnout and at doing something about it, Lauderdale suggests. A frequently used low-risk strategy is one he calls “the quick break.” Examples include rearranging the furniture, getting a new haircut or new clothes, taking a vacation, or going to a concert or football game. Other major change responses include compromising and trying to accept the current level of success or income, moving to a new environment or situation, or changing oneself by lowering expectations of work or redefining its meaning.
(8) Labeling the syndrome with the buzzword “burnout” tends to trivialize the problem and make it lose its meaning, he cautions. “I would emphasize that burnout isn’t a passing fad, and it goes way beyond the work world. I don’t think men suffer more than women, but I think men may have more burnout on the job, while women get burned out on family life. Work is still a place of wonder and promise for many women new to it.”

VII. There are 10 incomplete statements, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer:
70. What is this article mainly about?
A. The hardship one has to undergo in life.
B. The problems women have to encounter daily.
C. A common psychological problem caused by life in a modern world
D. A serious social problem worth considering
71. The name of the third stage of burnout is______.
A. despair
B. cocoon despair
C. confusion
D. the quick break
72. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Michael Lauderdale has devoted to the research for years.
B. Confusion may cause people to seen inattentive in a discussion.
C. Both men and women may suffer from burnout.
D. Human service agency workers are the ones who suffer most from burnout.
73. According to the text, our expectations are not met because______.
A. the times keep changing rapidly on you
B. we are in a time of high ambiguity
C. people now have greater expectation than in the past
D. an individual is not powerful enough to change the world
74. Which of the following is more likely to be the symptom of “cocoon phenomenon”?
A. People enjoy their work and they sometimes hum songs at work.
B. People are heavily burdened with their work all day.
C. People fall ill more often because of the work pressure.
D. People at work often look at their watches and wait anxiously for the end of the day.
75. When a man is in despair, he is likely to ______.
A. go out with friends and drink for fun
B. drink more, take more risk and more drugs
C. abandon work all together
D. spoil their children
76. Burnout is related with ______.
A. work.
B. friends.
C. family members.
D. all of the above.
77. The author suggested that one can relieve burnout by ______.
A. making some changes in life
B. changing another job
C. becoming a teacher
D. indulging oneself to entertainments
78. The best title for the last paragraph is ______.
A. Dealing with burnout.
B. Not only at work.
C. Lasting and universal.
D. Who suffers from burnout.
79. The author implied in this article that ______.
A. home is where burnout is most often created
B. women would have less burnout if they go to work instead of being a housewife
C. work causes more burnout for people
D. burnout should not be maximized

VIII. There is one underlined part in each of the following sentences, followed by four choices A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closet in meaning to the underlined part.
80. He first noticed symptoms of the condition among human service agency workers, but says the condition affects everyone to a degree.
A. government office workers
B. people whose job is to help people, for example, social workers, psychologists, and ambulance drivers
C. community volunteers who are eager to safeguard or help build the area.
D. Workers in human resources department
81. I related a lot of my work with abusing parents as being the third stage of burnout.
A. parents who beat their children
B. parents who are not responsible for their children
C. parents who spoil their children
D. parents who ruins everything their children are fond of
82. Labelling the syndrome with the buzzword “burnout” tends to trivialize the problem and make it lose its meaning.
A. grouping the syndrome together with the fashionable word “burnout” is likely to make the problem seem unimportant
B. the colorful word “burnout” is likely to be put together with small syndrome
C. the syndrome is not important and so the word “burnout” is used
D. “burnout” is a fashionable and problem causing word
83. I would emphasize that burnout isn’t a passing fad, and it goes way beyond the work world.
A. fashion
B. thing that will soon disappear
C. hobby
D. emotion
84. Their voices lilt and they are spontaneous when they walk out of the office.
A. quick, eager
B. more than willing
C. happy
D. all of the above

IX. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
85. Burnout, he believes, comes when “we have expectations of our jobs, careers, marriages, or lives, and the reality we are experiencing is less than our expectations.
86. “We’re in a time of high ambiguity about what life means in terms of social roles and in terms of what we’re to do with our lives.
87. In the third stage of burnout, which he terms despair, “the person pulls into a shell and minimizes work and social contacts as much as possible.
88. Although the bulk of literature about burnout is work-related, the syndrome can occur in any of the multiple roles most people perform – spouse, friend, parent, employee, supervisor.
89. Other major change responses include compromising and trying to accept the current level of success or income, moving to a new environment or situation, or changing oneself by lowering expectations of work of work or redefining its meaning.

X. Answer the following essay question in English with 80-100 words.
Why can being the parent of a teenager head to burnout?

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