I. Indicate the following statements true or false. Put T for true and F for false in the brackets:

( ) 1. If sounds appear in the same environment, they are said to be in contrastive distribution.

( ) 2. In English, the two liquids [l][r] are allophones.

( ) 3. Supersegmatal features are non-distinctive features.

( ) 4. A syllable is not always composed of onset, nucleus and coda.

( ) 5. Tone is a distinctive feature.

II. Multiple Choice

1. A(n)       is the minimal or the smallest distinctive linguistic unit in a language.

A. phonetic symbol B. alphabet C. phoneme D. allophone

2.        is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.

A. Stress B. Pitch C. Tone D. Intonation

3. The following are all suprasegmental features except       .

A. stress B. tone C. voicing D. intonation

4. [l][ł][ļ] are called        of the phoneme /l/.

A. allophones B. minimal pair C. phonemes D. minimal sets

5. The longest        in English may contain four consonants, as shown by prompts.

A.word B. onset C. nucleus D. coda

6. If segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not change the meaning, they are said to be in       .

A. contrastive distribution B. free variationC. complementary distribution C. distinctive features

7. The syllabic unit made up by the        is called a rhyme.

A. onset + nucleus B. nucleus + codaC. onset + coda D. coda + onset

8.        is a typical tone language.

A. English B. Japanese C. Chinese D. Korean

9.        is the study of sound systems and patterns.

A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Morphology D.Syntax

10. A voiceless stop becomes        when it occurs after the initial /s/ and before a stressed vowel.

A. voiced B. nasalized C. aspirated D. unaspirated

III. Explain the following terms:

1. phonology

2. minimal pairs

3. free variation

4. suprasegmental features

IV. Below are some phonological rules described in formulae. Rewrite the rules in words.

1. [+voiced +consonant] → [-voiced] / [-voiced +consonant] –

2. [+consonant –voiced] → [+voiced] / [+vocalic -consonant] –[+vocalic -consonant]

3. [-voiced +stop] → [+aspirated] /# - [-consonantal +vocalic +stressed]

4. [+vocalic –consonantal] → [+nasalized] / - [+nasal]

V. Identify the difference between a hotdog and a hot dog.

VI. How do you understand the difference between phonetics and phonology?