同学们，本栏目是对你们学过的知识和生活中常见问题的归纳。其中，有一些共性问题，也许你会需要哦！

让我来帮你解决常见问题！

Question1: What are the differences between text and discourse? Explain it in your own language.

Answer:

A text is regarded as the linguistics forms in a stretch of language, and the interpretations of them do not vary with context. It seems that their meaning were constant for all users.

Discourse is a stretch of language in use, taking on meaning in context for its users, and perceived by them as purposeful, meaningful, and connected.

Discourse analysis is the study of the structure of naturally occurring spoken language; while text analysis is on the structure of written language. But the distinction is not clear-out.

Question2: What is the lexical cohesion?

Answer:

Lexical cohesion is the semantic relation between lexical items which are classified into two broad categories: reiteration and collocation.

Reiteration refers to meaning repetition, which can be realized by the same word, synonyms, hyponymy or general words.

e.g. There’s a boy climbing that tree.

    The lad’s going to fall if he doesn’t take place. (synonym)

    Collocation can be explained as the association of lexical items that regularly co-occur, or those that stand in a certain kind of recognizable lexical semantic relation.

e.g. –Why does that boy wriggle all the time?

--Girls don’t do that.

Question3: How to achieve cohesion?

Answer:

Cohesion is achieved either grammatically or lexically. Grammatical cohesion is reference, substitution, and ellipsis, as they involve closed systems: simple options of presence or absence, and systems such as those of person, number, proximity and degree of comparison.

Lexical cohesion is achieved generally by using content words; it involves a kind of choice that is open-ended, the selection of a lexical item that is in some way related to one that appears previously in the text.

Conjunction is on the borderline of the grammatical and the lexical cohesive device; the set of conjunctive elements can probably be interpreted grammatically in terms of systems, but such an interpretation would be fairly complex and some conjunctive expressions involve lexical selection as well.