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习语的翻译--Part II 补充阅读--第十页
（三）Cultural Differences and Translation of Idioms Based on Equivalence Principle |
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| (2)Partially literal translation. Idioms ， generally ， have three layers 0f meaning ： the literal meaning ， the image and the implicit meaning ． In form ， there ' s difference between the source language and the target language ． For example ：红颜多薄命 (Beautiful flowers are soon picked ． ); 情不分贫富 (Love lives in cottages as well as in courts ． ); 知人知面不知心 (You can know a man's face but not his heart ． ) ；当着矮人不说矮话 (One doesn't talk about midgets in front of dwarfs ． ) ；初生牛犊不怕虎 (New born calves don't fear wolves) ； between the devil andthe deep sea( 进退维谷 ) ： a black sheep( 害群之马 ) ： a lion in the way( 拦路虎 ) ． The meanings of these idioms between Chinese and English are similar but they have different images ． So in translation ， we need to consider the culture of the target language ． (3)Free translation. Sometimes the above—mentioned two ways fai1 to express the meaning of idioms ． then free translation is needed ． Successful translation is to change the linguistic symbols in order to transfer meaning ． Examples like ，有眼不识泰山 (fail to recognize one ' s eminence) ：雨后春笋 (New things appear and grow rapidly) ；雪中送炭 (provide timely help); 不到黄河不死心 (refuse to give up until all hope is gone) ；班门弄斧 (Try t0 teach your grandmother to suck eggs) ： pull one ' s leg( 开玩笑 ) ； in the sane boat( 处于困境 ) ； to be touch and go( 处于危险境地 ) ： one ' s hair stands on end( 非常恐惧 ) ． These idioms should be translated with taut ion ． Their images are similar ， but the meanings differ ． Conclusion This paper firstly explains whether idioms can be translated under different cultures ． In a word ． the answer lies in positive ． In translation ， the change of one 1inguistic form into another is only surface work ： the transfer of cultural information is the nature of translation ． Idioms reflect the specific culture of a certain speech community ． With more and more international communication, people have begun to narrow the margin of cultural divergence ． Then this paper talks about how to translate idioms based on equivalence principle ． Functional equivalence is more important than formal equivalence ． The task of translators is to overcome cultural differences so as to achieve effective translation with a higher degree of equivalence ． |
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