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逻辑与翻译--Part I 课文学习--第八页
( Logic and Translation ) |
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[4] What is questioned is whether a country like Britain has a chance assuming that it has the will , to succeed where so many have fail and even assuming that it has . should make tremendous effort and take substantial financial risk 0f trying to leap-frog into leadship in entirely new technology or whether it should take the softer option of merely catching up with the rest of the industrialized world . 问题是:像英国一样的国家,假设自已有决心,在许多国家已经遭受失败的地方,是否有机会取得成功呢 ? 甚至假设,一个国家失败过,也应当做出巨大努力,实施大胆、积极改进计划,试图一跃而进入世界新技术的领导地位呢 ? 还是它只采取疲软措施,只在后面追赶世界上工业化国家呢 ? 这个句子,包含三大块信息,译文把三层意思分别译出。而每层,又并列了许多逻辑层。例如在第二层意思里,“and”连接两个逻辑并层。在此并层中:“take substantial financial risk of trying to leap—frog into leadship in entirely new technology” 中,“ of” 连接两个逻辑并层,“ take the softer option of merely catching up with the rest of the industrialized world” [5] He wanted to learn , to know, to teach . 他渴望学习,增加知识。也愿意把知识传授他人。 这个句子结构简单,用词也普通。但是不容易翻译。靠语法知识或修辞知识都无济于事,只能靠逻辑分析和逻辑知识解决问题。“wanted”后接三个不定式表示三个概念,即 wanted to learn , wanted to know 和 wanted to teach ,翻译这三个概念译得符合逻辑。我们译得的三个概念,逻辑上是紧密相联的。如果译为“他希望博学多才,喜欢追根问底,好为人师”,或直译为“他想学习、知道事理和教书”,那么,前者似乎译得过头,后者意思没有表达出来。 [6] There is no royal road to science , and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits . 在科学上没有平坦的大道,只有不畏劳苦,沿着陡峭的小路攀登的人,才有希望达到光辉的顶点。 句子里的黑体字,其深层语义是两个逻辑概念的并列,一个概念是 “ those don't dread the fatiguing ”,另一个概念是 “ climb of its steep paths ”。“ climb ”在句中虽然是名词,但具有动作意义,与 of 短语构成名词化结构,相当一个子句,表达一个概念。因此,整个黑体部分的深层意思是:“不怕劳苦的人才能沿着陡峭的小路攀登。” |
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