Each year the respective Nobel committees send (1)   to thousands of scientists, members of academies and university professors (2)   , asking them to nominate (提名) candidates for the Nobel Prizes for the coming year.

      These prize nominations must (3)  the respective Nobel Committees of the prize-awarding institutions before February 1 of the year for which the nomination is being made. The prize-awarding (4)   for the Physics and Chemistry awards is the Swedish Academy of Sciences.

      The nominations received by each committee are then evaluated with the help of (5)  . When the committees have presented their recommendations to the prize-awarding institutions, a (6)  is taken for the final choice of Laureates (获奖者). The choice of that year's Laureates is announced immediately after the vote in October each year.

      The prizes are awarded at the Prize Awarding Ceremony at the Concert Hall in Stockholm, Sweden, on December 10 (the Anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death). At the Prize Award Ceremony in Stockholm, the King of Sweden hands each Laureate a (7)  and a (8)  . The Ceremony (9)   a banquet at the Stockholm City Hall for about 1,300 people, (10)   250 students.