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翻译技巧--Part I 课文学习--第二页
( 增词法与减词法 ) |
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(三)介词的增减: 英译汉时很多介词可以省略,汉译英时则需要根据英语的行文需要增加适当的介词。例如: 10) She was one of my colleagues at university at which I taught. 她是我任教的那所大学的同事。 11)I get positively angry with the impertinence of it and the everlastingness. 这么鲁莽无礼,没完没了, 真让我生气。 12) 已经把这事忘的一干二净了。 He has forgotten all about it. 13) 接到信时我高兴得跳了起来。 I jumped with joy when I received the letter. (四)关联词的增减 英译汉时有些关联词可以省略不译,汉译英时则需要根据具体语境增加适当的关联词语。例如: 14) Even if you go there, there wont't be any result. 你去也白去。 15) The wind was so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet. 风太大了,他感到很难站稳。 16) If once virtue is lost, all is lost. 丧失了道德, 便丧失了一切。 17) 小孩受了惊吓就会哭。 Little child will cry when he is frightened. 18) 她不愿意, 我们干吗强迫她干? Why should we force her to do it if she is unwilling? 19) 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 20) 送君千里,终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last. 二 弥合词义差异的需要 在很多情况下,英汉词汇的语义范围往往有宽窄之分,并非一一对应。如果英语语义范围比汉语宽,英译汉时要采用增词法,使原文中隐含的意思得以充分表达;反之,如果英语词汇的语义范围比汉语窄,英译汉时则要采用减词法。例如,“ Party liner'' 应译为“坚决贯彻党的路线的人” ( 而不只是“党的路线者” ) ;“ worry lines ”应译为“因焦虑而深陷的皱纹” ( 而不只是译为“焦虑线” ) 。再如: 21) Social distance can be difficult to overcome. 社会等级差异有时很难克服。(增词法) 22)He tried to seem angry, but his smile betrayed him. 她假装生气的样子,可是他的笑容暴露了她的真实感情。(增词法) 23) He was killed in a car accident on an icy Danver street, on his way home to his wife and infant daughter. 她在冰雪覆盖的大街上丧生遇车祸。当时她正在回家的途中,准备回到年轻的妻子和还在襁褓的女儿身边。 ( 增词法 ) 同样,当汉语词义比英语宽,汉译英时也要采用增词法;反之,当汉语词义较英语窄,汉译英时则要采用减词法。如,将“苗头”译为 symptoms of a bad trend( 而不只是译为 symptoms) ;将“襟怀”译为 ample and simple bosom 而不只是译为 bosom) 。再如: 24) 我们的干部必须具有公仆意识。 Our cadres must be conscious of their obligations as public servants . ( 增词法 ) 。 25) 只有雨还在刷刷、刷刷地下着。 Only the rain continued to pour . ( 减词法 ) |
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