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Word Order and Translation
 
2 .在对事件、行为的叙述中,汉语是按时间先后排序,而英语习惯按时间逆推,属回忆式的叙述方式。如:

a) 我在南方负责一项工程建设, 任务完成之后, 到香港度了两个星期的假, 昨天才回来
                1                 2                     3               4
  
I came back yesterday from Hong Kong where I had spent two weeks'vocation after
        4                                         3
the completion of the construction job I had been in charge of in the south .
        2                                         1

    若按汉民族的思维方式,译作:

    I had been in charge of a construction job , and after I completed it , I spent a two week holiday in Hong Kong and came back yesterday .

    英美人完全可以理解,无损交际效益,但毕竟不合英语语言民族的思维习惯。

b) 我以前见过他几次,他很少说话,我还以为他是一个不善言谈之人。

I thought him a man of few words as he seldom spoke on the few occasions when
      3                                         2
we met
  1

    如若译作:
    We had met a few times before , but he seldom spoke , so I thought he was a man of few words .

    则是汉式英语,尽管完全可以接受。

    3 .汉英民族的不同思维习惯在否定词的序位上,同样有所反映。中国人习惯于把否定词置于被否定成分之前,而英语语言民族却常把否定词置于谓语部分,不论否定句中什么成分。

    a) 他 不 因亚里士多德这么说就轻易相信。

    He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so .

    b) 他们并 不是 为自己采集这些食物。

    They are not gathering this food for themselves alone .

    c) 发光的并 不 都是金子。

    All that glitters is not gold .

    d) 并非 每个人都听信这个谣言。

    Everybody does not believe the rumor .

    e) 我认为他们在短时间之内是 不可能 赶上我们的。

    I don't think they can catch up with us in a short time .

    4 .有时疑问词的序位也会有所不同。试看下列各例:

    a) 你认为是 谁 打坏了玻璃 ?

    Who do you think broke the glass?

    b) 他现在还未到,你认为他出 什么 事了 ?

    He hasn't arrived yet, what do you suppose has happened to him?

    c) 你猜老师会派 谁 去

    Who do you think the teacher will send .

    d) 你刚才说我们 什么时候 出发 ?

    When , did you say , we would set off ?

    这类问句大都以 suppose , think , guess, say 作谓语,若谓语由其它动词充当,则汉英一致。如:

    a) 你知道他在 什么地方 住吗 ?

    Do you know where he lives?

    b) 你可以告诉我有 多少人 参加这次活动吗 ?

    Can you tell me how many people will take part in this activity?
 
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