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语序与翻译--Part I 课文学习--第四页
( Word Order and Translation ) |
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四、为强调而改变语序 1 .汉语是注重主题的语言,主题在前,述语在后。而英语是重主语的语言,句子结构用主谓关系进行描写。但汉语的主题不一定是英语的主语,翻译不一定处于句首位置。有时为了突出汉语的主题,使译文与原文相符,可改变结构,将与汉语主题对应的成分置于句首。如: a) 读书的问题嘛,我愿说几句。 As to reading , I'd like to say a few words . b) 凡是已经发现的错误 ,我们已经采取了或者正在采用纠正的步骤。 没有发现的 ,一 经发现,我们就准备纠正。 For all the mistakes that have been discovered , steps have been or are being taken to correct them . Those not yet discovered will be corrected as soon as they come to light . c) 英语、文学、历史 ,我都感兴趣。 English , literature and history -- all these are interesting to me . as to 结构本可置于句末, a) 中提至句首,突出了“读书的问题”。 b) , c) 改变结构 汉语主题对应成分置于句首,使译文和原文相符。如 c) 不采用外位结构,译作 “ I ' m interested in English , literature , and history ” , b) 采用正常主谓宾结构,译作 ” We have already taken steps to correct and are correcting all the mistakes that have been discovered , and we'll also correct the mistakes as soon as they come to light .”则原来处于强调位置的主题不能突出。 2 .为了强调某一部分,英译时可改变正常结构,采用倒装语序,将被强调部分提至句首。 a) 直到战争结束,他才得以重新从事自已的研究工作。 Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work . b) 直到你告诉我,我才知道事情的真相。 Not until you told me did I know the truth . c) 接踵而至的是一辆华丽的彩车。 Then came a spectacular float . d) 听到铃声,孩子们个个冲了出去。 Out rushed the children at the ringing of the bell . 成分提前,为加强语气。但并非任何成分提前,语序都要倒装。英语中,提前之后可导 致倒装的有: ①含有否定意味的副词、连词,如 ” never ”,“ seldom ”,“ little ”,“ hardly ”,“ scarcely ”,“ not until ”,“ no sooner" 等。 ② only + 状语 ⑧表示位置变移的副词。如 "out ”,“ in ”,“ up ”,“ down" 等。 ④副词 hence , here , there , then , thus . ⑤ so … that 结构 "SO+ 形容词,副词”提前 ⑥表“也”,“也不”的结构: so / neither / nor ⑦分词 ⑧地点状语 简要举例如下: a) 我以前从未受过这种虐待。 ' Never have I been so ill — treated before . b) 只有这样,你的英语才能提高。 Only in this way can you improve your English . c) 价格持续上涨。 Up and up went the prices . d) 他对自己的经济地位太担心了,晚上睡不着觉。 So much does he worry about his financial position that he can't sleep at night . e) 我不知道,也不想知道。 I don't know, nor do I care . f) 你如能做,我也能。 If you can do it , so can I . g) 湖的对面是一个有柱廊的小旅店。 Facing the lake is a little inn with its pillared veranda . h) 墙上挂着他留学时拍的照片。 On the wall hang his photographs taken while studying abroad . |
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