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语序与翻译--Part I 课文学习--第四页
Word Order and Translation
 
四、为强调而改变语序

    1 .汉语是注重主题的语言,主题在前,述语在后。而英语是重主语的语言,句子结构用主谓关系进行描写。但汉语的主题不一定是英语的主语,翻译不一定处于句首位置。有时为了突出汉语的主题,使译文与原文相符,可改变结构,将与汉语主题对应的成分置于句首。如:

 a) 读书的问题嘛,我愿说几句。
    As to reading , I'd like to say a few words .

 b) 凡是已经发现的错误 ,我们已经采取了或者正在采用纠正的步骤。 没有发现的 ,一 经发现,我们就准备纠正。
    For all the mistakes that have been discovered , steps have been or are being taken to correct them . Those not yet discovered will be corrected as soon as they come to light .

 c) 英语、文学、历史 ,我都感兴趣。
    English , literature and history -- all these are interesting to me .

    as to 结构本可置于句末, a) 中提至句首,突出了“读书的问题”。 b) , c) 改变结构 汉语主题对应成分置于句首,使译文和原文相符。如 c) 不采用外位结构,译作 “ I ' m interested in English , literature , and history ” , b) 采用正常主谓宾结构,译作 ” We have already taken steps to correct and are correcting all the mistakes that have been discovered , and we'll also correct the mistakes as soon as they come to light .”则原来处于强调位置的主题不能突出。

    2 .为了强调某一部分,英译时可改变正常结构,采用倒装语序,将被强调部分提至句首。

 a) 直到战争结束,他才得以重新从事自已的研究工作。

    Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work .

 b) 直到你告诉我,我才知道事情的真相。

    Not until you told me did I know the truth .

 c) 接踵而至的是一辆华丽的彩车。

    Then came a spectacular float .

 d) 听到铃声,孩子们个个冲了出去。

    Out rushed the children at the ringing of the bell .

    成分提前,为加强语气。但并非任何成分提前,语序都要倒装。英语中,提前之后可导

倒装的有:
    ①含有否定意味的副词、连词,如 ” never ”,“ seldom ”,“ little ”,“ hardly ”,“ scarcely ”,“ not until ”,“ no sooner" 等。

    ② only + 状语

    ⑧表示位置变移的副词。如 "out ”,“ in ”,“ up ”,“ down" 等。

    ④副词 hence , here , there , then , thus .

    ⑤ so … that 结构 "SO+ 形容词,副词”提前

    ⑥表“也”,“也不”的结构: so / neither / nor

    ⑦分词

    ⑧地点状语

简要举例如下:
 a) 我以前从未受过这种虐待。 '

    Never have I been so ill — treated before .

 b) 只有这样,你的英语才能提高。

    Only in this way can you improve your English .

 c) 价格持续上涨。

    Up and up went the prices .

 d) 他对自己的经济地位太担心了,晚上睡不着觉。

    So much does he worry about his financial position that he can't sleep at night .

 e) 我不知道,也不想知道。

    I don't know, nor do I care .

 f) 你如能做,我也能。

    If you can do it , so can I .

 g) 湖的对面是一个有柱廊的小旅店。

    Facing the lake is a little inn with its pillared veranda .

 h) 墙上挂着他留学时拍的照片。

    On the wall hang his photographs taken while studying abroad .

 
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