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Word Order and Translation
 
5. 后置副词提前。例如:
(1). I met her on my way home.

    我在回家的路上遇见了她。

(2). At that time conditions there were very hard.

    那时,那里的条件是很艰苦的。

词序的安排涉及词组或词组以上的语言平面,但在词、词组、句子、语段、篇章这五个主要语言平面中,句子是上下运转的轴心,也是翻译过程的主要着力点。译者经常要以句子为单位来组织和安排信息单元。在一个句子中,词序安排合理,关系就明确,语意就清晰;反之,关系就不明确,语意含混,甚至整个句子都不通顺。因此,以下着重讨论句子词序的安排。在翻译时可按照句子的时间顺序、逻辑顺序和信息重心在语序上作一些调整,以使译文符合译入语的行文习惯。

(一) 时间顺序

    在时间上,汉语句子的语序通常按事情发生或出现的先后顺序排列,而英语句子的语序主要依据语 境的需要来安排。汉语往往先发生的事先说,后发生的事后说:英语有时也按照动作或事件的 先后次序来组句。这种情况下英汉互译通常可以采取顺译法。例如:

    1 . She had spent a sleepless night , and rising early , had stood , wrapped up , at her window , with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn .

    她一宵无眠,早早起身,披上毯子,迎着拂面的凉风,凭窗眺望黎明。

    2 . After the meeting, 1eaders from the two sides vowed to boost co-operation and signed three agreements .

    会后,双方领导人承诺要进一步加强合作,并签署了三份协议。

    3 . As of May 2004,when the new members formally take their seats , Britain will no longer be isolated in its ties to Washington .

    到 2004 年 5 月,当这些新成员正式加入欧盟的时候,英国与华盛顿的关系将不再孤立。

    4 .随着冷战后国际形势的发展,特别是“ 9 · 11 ” 事件、非典疫情爆发以来,非传统安全问题的地位明显上升。

    With the development of the international situation since the end of the Cold War , in particular since the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11 , 2001,and the outbreak of SARS(severe acute respiratory syndrome)in 2003 , there has been an obvious increase in awareness of non-traditional security threats .

    5 . 20 世纪 90 年代以来,日本通过参加联合国维和活动,在不少“热点”地区的冲突中发挥出自己的作用。

    Since the l 990s , by participating in the United Nations ' peacekeeping activities , Japan has played its own part in many “ hot spots ” around the world .

    以上例句采取的均为顺译法。当然,英语虽然有时也按动作或事件的先后词序来组句,但它更多的却是采取“倒叙”的手法,通过使用各种表示时间的连词、关系代词或介词将动作或事件的先后次序打乱。此时,在英汉互译时,往往需要采取逆译法,将原句的语序打乱,按各自的时间顺序重新组织译文语序。例如:

    6 . Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine .

    一旦机器发生故障,就把电门关上。

    7 . My father must have felt a glow of satisfaction when in the mid 一 1920s he won first prize in a prestigious amateur art exhibition held in London .

    20 世纪 20 年代中期,我父亲在伦敦举行的一次享有盛名的业余画展中获得了一等奖,当时他一定颇为得意。

    8 . It is also the first summit between the two sides since China published for the first time its EU policy paper on October I 3 and the European Union approved a new strategy for its partnership with China On September 10 .

    此次会晤是继中国于 10 月 13 日 首次发表与欧盟关系文件和欧盟于 9 月 10 日 批准与中国关系新战略之后,双方领导人的首次峰会。

    9 .在 1998 年签署的中曰《共同声明》中,中国已同日本达成了建立“致力于和平与发展的友好合作的伙伴关系”的共识。

    Both countries have reached a consensus on establishing “ a friendly co-operative partnership devoted to peace and development ” , which was demonstrated in their joint statement signed in 1998 .

    10 .参加合作医疗的农民生病住院后,可以按比例报销部分医药费。

    A farmer in the cooperative medicare system will get varying portions of subsidies after he or she becomes ill and hospitalized .
 
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