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常用句式翻译--Part II 补充阅读--第四页
( 再论英汉被动句的翻译 )
 
三、被动语态的翻译问题

    上文已经提到,汉语与英语不同,汉语的动词不具备英语动词那样的形态变化,因而主要依仗词汇手段以及句式来表示被动语态,而且在很多情况下主谓之间的被动关系是隐含的。据此,我们可以将英语被动语态的汉译归纳为以下几种表达法:

    (1) 将被动语态译为主动语态,即被动隐含句;

    (2) 转换主语,或另行选择主语或转换动词,译成 "Doer+Action ”或主谓句;

    (3) 使用泛指主语,如“有人”、“人们”、“大家”等等;译成主动 语态句或不用主语,译成“无主句”;

    (4) 用“…的是…”或“…是…的”句式;

    (5) 用“…为…所…”式;

    (6) 用介词短语“在……下”式 ( 主动式动词 + 介短 ) ;

    (7) 用“据说”、“据信”、“据报导”、“听说”等动宾式合成动词引导句;

    (8) 译成“被”字句 ( 除“被”字外,还可以用“叫”、“让”、“给”等替代介词“被” ) ;

    (9) 用动词“受”、“遭受”、“遭到”、“受到”等词加动词,形成“双动动宾”式 ( 即宾语也是动词 ) ;

    (10) 其他词语或句式,如“加以”、“予以”、“给以” ( “加以”后必须用双音节动词作宾语;“予以”可以用动词宾语,如“予以重视”,也可带名词宾语,如“予以亲切的关照” ) 等加缀式 ( “以”是个助词 ) 合成动词,加宾语 ( 可以是名词,但大数情况下是动词 ) 构成动词短语表示被动涵义 ( 如“这个问题应从速加以研究” ) 。试观察以下例句的翻译: ( 译句后数字指上述项数 )

    (a)His pride must be pinched .

    他这股傲气应该打下去。 (1)

    (b) Opinions grounded on prejudice are always sustained with the greatest violence .

    植根于偏见的主张总是靠无所不用其极的暴力来维持。 (2)

    (c)Poets are born , but orators are made .

    诗人是天生的,而演说家则是后天造就的。 (4)

    (d) Agricultural technique spreading centers have been set up everywhere in that province , helping farmers to do their work in a more scientific way .

    该省已普遍成立了农技推广中心,帮助农民以更加科学的方法种田。 (2 ,转换了主语 )

    (e) Anew instant NESPRAY has been put into the market in Hong Kong .

    新配方雀巢即溶奶粉在港上市。 (2 ,转换了动词 )

    (f)Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with .

    有了钱,就会以钱谋权。 (3)

    (g) It is said that a dying person tends to recollect his whole life , like seeing a film .

    据说人在弥留于人世之际都要回顾他的一生,就像看一部影片,一切历历在目。 (7)

    (h)Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down .

    沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。 ( 喻“不身体力行不足以成事” )(4)

    (i) Two super go players from Japan were defeated one after another .

    日本两位围棋高手接连受挫。 (9)

    (j) Nearly 400 tons of accumulated refuse and dregs were removed altogether in five days .

    五天内运走了近四百吨堆积的垃圾与渣土。 (3)

    (k)It ' s believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream .

    有人说她那些当明星的计划全都是些非非遐想罢了。 (3)

    (1)Many lives were destroyed by the robbers . But none left the village .

    许多人都死在盗匪手下,但无人离村出走。 (6)

    (m) The details of the facade will be further fitted up to match the interior

    铺面将进一步加以装修,使之与室内装饰浑为一体。 (10)
 
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