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常用句式翻译--Part I 课文学习--第三页
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(四) 定语从句与先行词或主句溶为一体 这种译法十分灵活,主要从译文的通顺连贯角度出发将定语从句与先行词或主句溶为一体,重新组织汉译的句子结构。 This is the way that Americans themselves become familiar with one another. 美国人自己也是这样相识的。 We live in a world where relations between states are relations of forces. 在我们所处的世界上,国家之间的关系是力量对比的关系。 In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives, the social customs are quite different. 有些国家的人民几乎终生没有离开过一个市镇,所以社会风俗颇为不同。 To those visitors who come from countries where social relationships develop more slowly during a longer period of time, the American way may seem very frightening, too personal, and rude. 在一些国家里,居民的社会关系是要长期慢慢地培养的,习惯了这种情形的游客一旦到了美国,可能觉得美国人的方式可怕,太注意私人问题,没有礼貌。 (五) 译成状语从句 英语中某些定语从句在逻辑上具有状语职能,因此往往可译成汉语偏正复句中表示原因,条件,转折,目的,结果等的分句。汉译时应确切理解原文的意思,从原文的自立行间挖掘这些逻辑上的关系,然后译成相应的偏正复句。 1. 有的定语从句表示让步。 汉译时可译成“虽然...” “尽管...”等分句。例如: My uncle, who will be seventy tomorrow, is still a keen sportsman. ( 让步 ) 尽管我大伯明天就满 70 岁了,但他仍然热衷于运动。 He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. (让步) 他要再造一幢房子,尽管他并无此需要。 Patients who have recuperated from he patitis still must undergo periodical physical examinations. (转折) 肝炎患者虽然痊愈,但仍需定期进行健康检查。 A bitter tear rolled down her face, which he did not see. (转折) 一颗痛苦的泪珠从她脸颊滑落,但是他却没有看见。 2. 有的定语从句表示假设。 这种从句常常用虚拟语气来表示一种假设状况,汉译为“要是...”,“如果...”等分句。 Cooked food which is kept too long will spoil. (条件) 熟食如果存放太久会变质。 How can anyone hope to be a political leader who doesn't know what his neighborhoods are thinking? ( 条件 ) 一个人如果不知道自己的左邻右舍在想些什么,怎么能指望自己成为一个政治领袖呢? 3. 有的定语从句表示原因。 其意思与原因状语相似。汉译时可译成“因为···”等分句。 She is furious at the goat, which got on the wrong side of the fence and is eating her flowers. (因果) 她对那只山羊大发雷霆,因为那只羊跑到篱笆那边正在吃她种的花。 There was something original , independent and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them . ( 因果 ) 这个方案有创造性,而且别出心裁,又有魄力.所以深得他们大家的喜欢。 4. 有的定语从句表示目的。 可译为“以便··· ” 等分句。 We recognize the need to establish and develop institutions which help to tame the unbridled exercise of power. (目的) 我们认识到需要建立和发展一些机构以帮助控制滥用权力。 Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries , who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments . ( 目的 ) 中国派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国,以便与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定。 |
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