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常用句式翻译--Part I 课文学习--第六页
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| （4） 被动结构表语化 所谓“被动结构表语化”就是把被动语态的句子译成判断句，句型为：“是…的” The decision to attack was not taken lightly ． 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader ． 这次反种族歧视的运动是由一位黑人领袖亲自领导和发起的。 This pamphlet of technical glossary is redacted by an engineer ． 这本技术词汇小册子是一位工程师编撰的。 This combat plan is based on the information furnished by the scout unit ． 这个作战方案是以侦察部队所提供的情报为依据的 （5） 常用被动句型的翻译 以 it 作为形式主语的英语被动结构的句子，在译文中常要改成主动形式，有时不加主语，有时需加不确定的主语，主要表示事物的客观性，非主观意见 不加主语时 It is reported that it will rain today ． 据报今天有雨 It is supposed that he is not yet twenty ． 据推测他还不满 2 0 岁 It is said that women have a slight higher temperature than men ． 据说女人的体温略高于男人 可加主语的 It is asserted that let him have a try ． 有人主张让他试试 It is generally considered that she is a good person ． 大家认为她是个好人 it is well known that he is suitable to do this work. 众所周知他适合作这项工作 （6） 非谓语形式的被动语态 这类结构的被动语态是以分词、不定式、动名词构成的 在翻译时也要注意，相应地翻译成主动句。 The problem of rising prices is hot issue discussed everywhere ． 物价上涨是到处讨论的热门话题 [ 这句话中 discussed 是现在分词 discussing 的被动形式，译成汉语时，仍可译成主动。 ] The books are not allowed to be taken out of the reading—room ． 不许将书携出阅览室外 [ 这句话中 to be taken 是动词不定式 to take 的被动形式，译成汉语时，仍可译成主语 ] He did it without being asked ． 没有请他做，他自己就做好了 (being asked 是动名词 asking 的被动形式 ) |
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