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常用句式翻译--Part I 课文学习--第六页
 
    (4) 被动结构表语化

    所谓“被动结构表语化”就是把被动语态的句子译成判断句,句型为:“是…的”

    The decision to attack was not taken lightly .

    进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

    The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader .

    这次反种族歧视的运动是由一位黑人领袖亲自领导和发起的。

    This pamphlet of technical glossary is redacted by an engineer .

    这本技术词汇小册子是一位工程师编撰的。

    This combat plan is based on the information furnished by the scout unit .

    这个作战方案是以侦察部队所提供的情报为依据的

    (5) 常用被动句型的翻译

    以 it 作为形式主语的英语被动结构的句子,在译文中常要改成主动形式,有时不加主语,有时需加不确定的主语,主要表示事物的客观性,非主观意见

    不加主语时

    It is reported that it will rain today .

    据报今天有雨

    It is supposed that he is not yet twenty .

    据推测他还不满 2 0 岁

    It is said that women have a slight higher temperature than men .

    据说女人的体温略高于男人

    可加主语的

    It is asserted that let him have a try .

    有人主张让他试试

    It is generally considered that she is a good person .

    大家认为她是个好人

    it is well known that he is suitable to do this work.

    众所周知他适合作这项工作

    (6) 非谓语形式的被动语态

    这类结构的被动语态是以分词、不定式、动名词构成的

    在翻译时也要注意,相应地翻译成主动句。

    The problem of rising prices is hot issue discussed everywhere .

    物价上涨是到处讨论的热门话题

    [ 这句话中 discussed 是现在分词 discussing 的被动形式,译成汉语时,仍可译成主动。 ]

    The books are not allowed to be taken out of the reading—room .

    不许将书携出阅览室外

    [ 这句话中 to be taken 是动词不定式 to take 的被动形式,译成汉语时,仍可译成主语 ]

    He did it without being asked .

    没有请他做,他自己就做好了

    (being asked 是动名词 asking 的被动形式 )
 
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