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语篇翻译--Part I 课文学习--第八页
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| 再看另一例： 九岁时，母亲死去。父亲也就变了样，偶然打碎了一只杯子．他就要骂到使人发抖的程度。后来，就连父亲的眼睛也转了弯，每从他的身边走过，我就像自己的身上生了针刺一样：他斜视看你，他那高傲的眼光从鼻梁经过嘴角而往下流着。 ( 萧红《永久的憧憬和追求》 ) After Mother died ， when 1 was nine years old ， Father became worse ． If you accidentally broke as small as a cup ， he would throw curses at you until you shivered all over ． Later ， even his eyes could cast crinkled glances ． Whenever I passed by him ， he could eye me sideways ， with his arrogant look streaming down along the bridge of his nose then off the corner of his mouth ， making me feel as if pricked on needles ． ( 刘士聪译 ) 在英语译文中，通过 after ， when ， if ， until ， whenever 等词的衔接，原文内部隐含的逻辑关系都被显现了 ( 如， “ 母亲死去 ” 和 “ 父亲……变了样”之间的因果关系和时间衔接等 ) 。而且 “ 译文段落的组织环环相扣，紧密和谐，反映了原文的脉络和意境” ( 方梦之， P.316) 又如： 忽然收住，赵伯韬摇摇身体站起来，从烟匣中取一支雪茄衔在 嘴里，又见那烟匣向李玉亭面前一摊，作了个“请吧”的手势，便又 埋身在沙发里，架起了腿，慢慢地擦火柴，燃着那支雪茄。（茅盾： ? 子夜 ? ） With this, Chao Po-tao suddenly swung his feet to the floor and stood up. He took a cigar from the case on the table and stuck it between his teeth, then slid the cigar-case towards Li Yu-ting with a gesture of invitation to help himself. He settled himself on the sofa again, propped up his legs, slowly struck a match, and began lighting his cigar. 在上例中，我们发现，赵伯韬的一系列动作语言表现的那样松散和自然，但要想表达相似的语言效果，在英语中就需要填补些衔接成分。 下面看则英译汉的例子： I was up the next morning before the October sunrise ， and away through the wild and the woodland ． The rising of the sun was noble in the cold and warmth of if ； peeping down the spread of light ， he raised his shoulder heavily over the edge of gray mountain and wavering length of up1and ． Beneath his gaze the dew-fogs dipped and crept to the hollow places ， then stole away in line and column ， holding skirts and clinging subtly at the sheltering corners where rock hung over grassland ， while the brave lines of hills came forth ， one beyond other gliding. (Richard D ． Blackmore ： An October Sunrise) 第二天凌晨， 在 十月的太阳升起 之前 ，我已经动身， 并 穿过旷野和丛林。十月的清晨乍寒还暖，日出的景象是很壮观的。透过一片晨曦，朝日从朦胧的山冈和起伏连绵的高低边际，沉重地抬起肩头。在它的逼视下，蒙蒙的雾气向下沉降，落到洼地里去， 接着 化成一丝丝一缕缕，悄然地飘去， 而在 草地之上悬崖之下的那些隐蔽角落里，雾气 却 还在引裾徘徊， 而 群山的雄姿却接二连三地涌现。 ( 周嘉栋译 ) 总体来说，译者对上例的处理比较成功，尤其是对景物的描写把握得是相当不错的。但美中不足的是，译者对汉语散文的衔接模式似乎重视不够，汉语散文讲究“形散而神不散”，也就是说词汇衔接用得相对较少。从这一角度出发，如把上例的译文的衔接做一番调整，将第一句译文改译成“第二天凌晨，十月的太阳还没升起，我就动身穿过了旷野和丛林”，然后把后面的划线衔接词语去掉，读起来行文就显得更简洁流畅了。 The trunks of trees too were dusty and the leaves fell early that year and we saw the troops marching along the road and the dust rising and leaves stirred by the breeze, falling and the soldiers marching and afterwards the road bare and white except for the leaves. 树干也是积满尘土，树叶早落，军队一走过，微风一吹，树叶儿就坠。军队走完之后，路上除落叶外，空无一物。（王治奎， P.58 ） 在汉语译文中，所有的并列标记“ and ”都不见了，但读起来却也自然流畅，这时加上任何表并列的连词反倒画蛇添足了。 2.3.1.3.衔接方式的调整 衔接不仅指使用像 when ， if 等这样的联系代词或联系副词来衔接，还不能漏掉隐性的没有连接词语而靠语用语境等实现的衔接即逻辑衔接。逻辑衔接是语篇内深层次的最普遍的连接，没有逻辑上的衔接，就没有完整的语义整体，也就无所谓语篇了。无论是汉译英还是英译汉，都应该注意弄清语句之间的逻辑意义，根据语境选择恰当的衔接方式。 由于人类理想思维规律的普遍性，逻辑关系总的来说是英汉共通的，但也常有差异，这种差异主要体现在以下四种主要的逻辑关系。 |
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