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Translating Skills II 选择和引申词义 转译词类 增减词语 正反译和反正译
分译和合译 倍数的翻译 被动语态的译法 定语从句的翻译 长句的翻译
 Course 3 > Translating Skills > Translating Skills II > 选择和引申词义
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选择和引申词义

1. 选择词义
  在英语中,一词多义的现象很普遍,因此在翻译中我们应判别词类,分析前后搭配关系,联系上下文方能选择正确词义。
  e.g. Light travels much faster than sound.
  光比声音传播得快得多。
  e.g. The Travels of Marco Polo was written when he was in jail in 1298.
  《马可波罗游记》是他1298年在狱中写成的。
  e.g. I dream of traveling all over the world to satisfy my curiosity.
  我梦想周游全世界以满足好奇心。

  以上三句中都有"travel"一词,第一句中是动词,动作的发出者是"light",所以翻成"传播"。第二句中是名词,谓语是"was written",可见是书一类,所以翻成"游记"。第三句中是"traveling all over the world",根据搭配关系,应翻成"旅游"之意。再看"cover"一词的译法。
  e.g. The mountain is covered with snow even in the summer.
  这座山甚至夏天都覆盖着积雪。
  e.g. Every magazine is supposed to have an attractive cover.
  每本杂志都该有吸引人的封面。
  e.g. The peasants were very happy to see the trees covered with fruit.
  农民们看见挂满果实的果树非常高兴。
  e.g. The battlefield was so flat and treeless that the troops could not find any cover.
  战场如此平坦且无树木,以致于军队找不到隐蔽处。
  e.g. How many miles does a train cover every hour?
  火车一小时能行多少里?
  e.g. This chapter covers a number of typical uses of computers.
  这一章讨论了许多计算机的典型用途。

  根据application在两句中的不同搭配关系,可判断出不同的词义。
  e.g. A growing number of people came to recognize the importance of the application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production.
  越来越多的人开始明白科学新发现的应用在工业生产中的重要性。
  e.g. I hope you can reply to my application for the job as soon as possible.
  我希望你能对我的工作申请尽快做出答复。

2. 引申词义
  英语单词含义丰富,在句子中的某些用法可能在字典中并没有明确的解释,这时就必须根据上下文和逻辑关系,将基本词义加以引申,使其符合句子的上下文,特别是中文的表达方式。
  e.g. This book is beyond a beginner.
  "beyond"本来是"超越"的意思,所以翻译成"这本书初学者看不懂"。
  e.g. They hope the award will keep the peace process rolling.
  "roll" 的意思是"滚动,摇摆",在此句中"keep … rolling"本意是"使保持滚动",我们可以翻译成"他们希望这一奖项能使和平进程继续维持下去"。
  e.g. Hollywood is a place where weird behavior is normal.
  "weird behavior"指古怪的行为,照原句直译成"好莱坞是个把古怪的行为视为正常的地方"。如果我们考虑中文的表达方式,可以稍加引申,译成"好莱坞是个见怪不怪的地方"。
  e.g. Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and snowed under with questions.
  "snow"本义"下雪",此处引申为"如雪般压来",综合全句可译为"一群人立刻把他围住,向他提出一个又一个的问题"。

 
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