全部否定 (Total Negation)

　　表示“全部没有”、“大家都不”等概念称为全部否定，其表示法如下：
　　1. 用否定词 no, none, neither, never, nowhere, nothing, no one, nobody, neither ... nor ... 等表示否定，如：
　　　I stayed in all evening waiting, but no one came.
　　　I have never met such a boring person before.
　　　I know nothing about the accident.

　　2. 用否定副词和不定代词、不定形容词和不定副词表示，否定词和 not 加不定代词等的对应关系如下：
　　　no = not any, not a none = not any, not one
　　　neither = not one or the other nobody = not ... anybody
　　　no one = not ...anyone nothing = not ... anything
　　　nowhere = not ... anywhere neither ... nor = not ... either ... or

　　否定副词 not 加不定代词通常不能放在句首作主语，所以除了位于句首作主语外，1. 中的否定词都可以改用 not 加不定代词等　　的形式表示，如：
　　　I have not any English novels. (= I have no English novels.)
　　　I don't want either of them. (= I want neither of them.)
　　　I did not see anybody there. (= I saw nobody there.)
　　　He has not eaten anything today. (= He has eaten nothing today.)
　　　They did not go anywhere yesterday. (= They went nowhere yesterday.)

　　3. 用具有否定意义的名词、动词、形容词、介词及短语，如 absence, refuse, deny, forget, fail, differ from, stop... 　　　from, at a loss, out of the question 等表示否定，如：
　　　It took place during our absence from Beijing.
　　　She failed to turn up yesterday.
　　　He climbed the mountain without any difficulty.
　　　I'm at a loss what to say.（我不知该说什么。）
　　　Clearly their victory is out of the question.（很显然，他们是不可能获胜的。）