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常用后缀
1. 名词后缀
a. 表示个体名词的后缀:
-er 如:teacher, worker, Londoner, southerner(南方人)
-or 如:actor, visitor instructor
-ee 如:addressee(收信人), refugee(难民), employee(雇员)
-eer 如:engineer, mountaineer(登山运动员)
-ant 如:assistant, inhabitant(居民)
-ist 如:typist, communist, leftist(左翼的人)
-ian, -an 如:musician, physician, republican(共和主义者)
-ess(表示阴性),如:actress, waitress, lioness, tigress
b. 表示抽象名词的后缀:
-ness 如:carefulness, happiness, goodness
-ment 如:argument, movement, punishment
-ure 如:failure, pressure, departure
-ing 如:feeling, building, opening
-al 如:arrival, refusal, approval
-age 如:marriage, shortage, baggage
-ism 如:communism, socialism, heroism(英雄主义)
-ship 如:friendship, leadership, hardship
-dom 如:freedom, wisdom, kingdom
-hood 如:childhood, neighborhood, boyhood(少年)
-(i)ty 如:activity, equality, safety
-y 如:honesty, difficulty, discovery, delivery
-th 如:truth, warmth, death
-(a)tion, -sion 如:action, modernization, discussion
-ance, -ence 如:appearance, assistance, reference, difference
2. 动词后缀
-en 如:shorten, sharpen, lengthen
-ify 如:beautify, purify, simplify
-ize 如:realize, modernize
3. 形容词后缀
-able 如:comfortable, unbreakable, drinkable
-al 如:natural, professional, original
-ful 如:awful, beautiful, careful
-ic, -ical 如:organic, Pacific, physical
-less 如:stainless, careless, useless
-ish 如:childish, bookish, foolish
-y 如:snowy, sleepy, curly
-ous 如:dangerous, famous, courageous
-ive 如:active, collective, impressive
-en 如:golden, wooden, earthen
-ed 如:gifted, colored, cultured
-like 如:manlike, womanlike, homelike
4. 副词后缀
-ly 如:slowly, quickly, heavily
-ward(s) 如:backward(s), downward(s), eastward(s)
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