合词法 (Compounding)
把两个或更多个词合成为一个新词的方法叫合词法,构成的新词叫复合词。在拼写形式上,有些复合词没有一定的形式,可以连写在一起,如
textbook,可以用连字号连接,如text-book,也可以分开写,如text book。合词法可构成任何词类(多为名词和形容词)。
1. 复合名词,如:
night-school(夜校) pickpocket (扒手)
toothache(牙痛) drinking water(饮用水)
air-conditioning(空调) goal keeper(守门员)
by-product(副产品) break-through(突破)
income(收入) offspring(子孙)
editor-in-chief(主编) good-for-nothing(无用的人)
2. 复合形容词,如:
ill-tempered(脾气不好的) peace-loving(爱好和平的)
good-looking(好看的) far-reaching(深远的)
handmade(手工制作的) ready-made(现成的)
duty-free(免税的) dark green(深绿色的)
full-time(专职的) all-round(全能的)
3. 复合动词,如:
baby-sit(照看婴儿) sunbathe(做日光浴)
overhear(无意中听到) undergo(经历)
safeguard(捍卫) whitewash(粉刷)
4 复合代词,如:
myself, themselves, everybody, something, nothing, each other,
one another
5. 复合数词,如:
twenty-one, forty-five, one-third, twenty-third
6. 复合副词, 如:
beforehand, halfway, maybe, upstairs
7. 复合介词,如:
into, along with, from behind, except for, according to, because
of, thanks to
8. 复合连词,如:
as if, so that, even if, according as
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