1. this, the following
　　　this 可指前面提到过的事物，也可指后面将提之事；the following 表示“下列，如下”，如：
　　　He said he would come some day. With this, he left the room.

　　2. so, not
　　　a. 分句替代词 so 或 not 所替代的 that 分句常常有不确定的含义，所以常用于一些表示看法、意见的动词之后，如 be afraid, believe, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, imagine, say, tell, think 等，在能作转移否定的结构中，多用 I don't think so, I don't suppose so. 在表示明显肯定或者怀疑的简短反应中，通常不用 so 或 not ，如：
　　　　—Do you think he will come tomorrow?
　　　　—Yes, I think so.
　　　　—No, I think not. （用 “No, I don't think so.” 更自然）
　　　　—Are the girls going to the cinema?
　　　　—I'm sure they are. （不说 “I'm sure so/not.”）
　　　　—I doubt it. （不说 “I doubt so/not.”）

　　　b. so 或 not 可与 if 搭配，构成无动词条件分句 if so, if not，如：
　　　　We are told that it's going to rain tomorrow. If so, we will stay at home; if not, we will go to visit the Great Wall.

　　　c. so 可以和某些表示说话的动词连用，而 not 通常不这样用，除非主语是作类指的人称代词，如：
　　　　—How do you know that he's leaving soon?
　　　　—He told me so.
　　　　—You say the German will win the game?
　　　　—All my friends say so.
　　　　—Are the German a very strong team?
　　　　—No, they say not.

　　　d. not 可与 perhaps, possibly, probably, certainly, surely 等表示情态的副词搭配，构成某些缩略句；not 还可与 why 搭配，构成缩略疑问句，如：
　　　　—Is your sister going with you?
　　　　—Perhaps not.
　　　　—Will you waste your time and money on that?
　　　　—Certainly not.
　　　　—I did not stop him.
　　　　—Why not?