1. 情态动词+动词原形,表示能力、允许、必须、可能、劝告、意愿、建议等,如:
Tom couldn't walk last month but now
he can.
You must be back before dark.
情态动词的现在时和过去时都可表示现在、过去和将来时间,但意义不同,如:
You may go now. (表示许可)
It may rain tomorrow. (表示可能)
2. 情态动词 + be + V-ing,表示推测某动作现在是否正在进行,如:
She may be reading the novel.
He can't be working now.
3. 情态动词 + have + 过去分词
a. may/might + have + 过去分词,表示推测过去某动作“也许”发生了,如:
He may/might have heard the news yesterday.
b. could + have + 过去分词,表示推测过去某动作“很可能发生了”,如:
— The dictionary has disappeared. Who could
have taken it?
— Tom could have taken it; he was
there alone yesterday.
c. must + have +过去分词,表示推测过去某动作“一定”发生了,如:
He must have gone home.
d. can't/couldn't + have + 过去分词,表示推测过去某动作“一定没发生”,如:
He couldn't have gone there.
e. should/ought to + have + 过去分词,表示“本来应该做而实际未做”的事,如:
You should have reviewed your lessons.
f. needn't + have + 过去分词,表示不必做但已做了的事,如:
You needn't have brought wine. We've
got plenty.
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