1.及物动词需要接宾语才能使其意义完整,而不及物动词后无须接宾语,只有及物动词可用于被动语态,如:
The door was opened by a girl.
He was lying.
2.有些动词既可以作及物动词,也可作不及物动词:
a.意义没差别,如:
The policeman stopped the car.
My watch has stopped since this
morning.
b.意义有差别或稍有差别,如:
People grow rice in the south.
(种植)
Rice grows well in the south. (生长)
Workers run machines with electricity.(开动)
He runs fast.(跑)
3.有少部分及物动词用作不及物动词时,具有被动含义,这时主语往往是物而不是人,如:
Toys sell very quickly.
4.有些动词如 have, lack, resemble, suit等要求有宾语,但不能用于被动语态,如:
This coat suits you very much.
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